Compression socks and stockings are an effective option for treating and managing various health and fitness conditions. From use by athletes to aid performance and recovery, to being prescribed by doctors and health professionals, they are available in a range of styles and compression levels for different needs.
For example, medical-grade compression socks can be used as part of a treatment plan for conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, DVT prevention and more. At the other end of the scale, compression socks designed for everyday wear are useful in a variety of situations such as wearing at work, while travelling or when exercising.
But what do the different compression levels mean? This blog explains everything you need to know, as well as what UK and European standards you should look for.
What are compression sock compression ratings?
Compression socks are given a rating measured in mmHg which stands for millimetres of mercury. It’s a unit of pressure which is also used by doctors to measure blood pressure by doctors, nurses, carers and other health professionals. The higher the number, the greater the pressure.
There are two different standards commonly used in Europe, the British system (which has three classes) and the German system, also known as RAL-GZ 387/1 (RAL), which has four.
At FITLEGs, we design and sell compression socks that fit into both, but this guide primarily focuses on the British Standard.
Class 1 (Light) Compression Socks & Stockings
The lightest compression level, Class 1 stockings exert an ankle pressure between 14–17 mmHg.
This level of compression is comfortable and can help prevent aches, pains, swelling and general discomfort.
These are suitable for everyday wear in a variety of situations such as at work or around the home. For example, light compression socks are often worn by people who spend a lot of time on their feet such as doctors, nurses, teachers etc. but also those in other professions.
You may also see them referred to as flight compression socks which are often worn on planes and other long journeys to prevent aches, swelling and DVT. This also makes them a great choice for people with desk jobs or who otherwise sit down a lot such as drivers or those with reduced mobility.
Class 2 (Medium) Compression Socks & Stockings
Medium compression socks have a rating between 18-24mmHg and are suitable for wearing during athletic performance and recovery, as well as for specific, light-to-moderate health conditions such as:
- Chronic venous insufficiency
- Varicose veins
- DVT
- Venous ulcers
- Venous eczema
- Post-thrombotic syndrome
- Lipodermatosclerosis
- Superficial vein thrombosis
- Lymphoedema
- Lipoedema
These are also known as Anti-Embolism Socks or Stockings (AES) and are usually prescribed or recommended by a medical professional. If you are treating or managing a condition, it’s essential you talk to your doctor or care provider before wearing compression socks of this level.
Athletes and sports enthusiasts can also benefit from wearing Class 2 sports compression socks and stockings both during and after exercise to improve performance and recovery, especially from Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and swelling. For the same reason, expectant mothers may also be recommended Class 2 socks.
These compression garments are often available in socks (below the knee), stockings (mid-thigh) and leggings. Additionally, some are available with open toes to help those who have arthritic or clawed toes, fungal infections, large feet or who find regular socks uncomfortable. To help those with reduced mobility or who are at risk of falling, some also have silicone grip soles.
Class 3 (High) Compression Socks & Stockings
Class 3 compression socks boast compression levels between 25–35 mmHg and are used for many of the same conditions as Class 2, but which are considered more severe. They may also be used to help those recovering from injuries and surgery.
Due to their high compression levels, they are not always comfortable for long-term wear and should be removed at night. Additionally, those with high blood pressure or other circulation issues, as well as skin conditions, may not be able to wear them. For this reason, they’re often prescribed by doctors. As with Class 2, you must consult a medical professional first.
Class 3 compression socks are also available in toe-less and grip varieties in several lengths.
RAL Compression Ratings Explained
The German RAL system follows a similar process but has four categories:
- Class 1: 18–21 mmHg (light compression)
- Class 2: 23–32 mmHg (moderate compression)
- Class 3: 34–46 mmHg (strong compression)
- Class 4: 49+ mmHg (very strong compression)
Class 1 is largely identical, but as you can see, the RAL Class 2 rating alone covers Classes 2 and 3 in the British System. There are then effectively two extra classes above.
At FITLEGs we stock compression socks and stockings that conform to both standards, so consult your doctor before making a decision. If you are still unsure, don’t hesitate to contact us.